From the beginning of their origin human beings are trying to improve themselves and for this they are inventing many things with the help of science so that they can make their life very fast and easier.  In modern time computer is the most important invention of human being which make their life very fast and easier. From the very fast day of inventing computer human beings are trying to make it faster and user friendly. Computer has two parts one is hardware and another is software. Hardware are the all physical devices used with in a computer like CPU, monitor, mouse, RAM,  processer , hard disk, mother board  etc. Software is the all nonphysical parts of a computer. Both are equally important. For  the development of computer  many new hardware are continuous coming in the market which make the computer much more user friendly.

Peoples are showing interest to gather the knowledge of hardware so that they can do all the hardware related works of their computer whether it can be their PC or the computer of their office.

In the way of development hardware is not alone he also has a friend called networking which is also very much important in the world of Information Technology. In the world of Information technology most revolutionary concept is server and the web that is internet. The concept of server and internet is totally based on networking. At first when the concept of networking arises it is only used to connect few computers within a building or an organization this is called the Local Area Networking or LAN. Gradually this concept become much more wider and it was starting to connect the computers of a small area like some group of organizations are started to use the network and then this concept was converted into Wide Area networking or WAN.

By following the same concept todays networking that is the internet is developed by which the people of the entire world get connected and starts to share many information. This networking concept is so fantastic so that it will remain forever and will gradually developing.

In the daily life of human being the importance of these two friends that is the hardware and networking is gradually increasing. For this reason peoples are trying to gather knowledge about these two.  For this reason many institutes are starting to give training about hardware and networking. In almost all most all major cities of the world these kind of training institutes are developing. Like all other major cities in the world in Kolkata many institutes are emerging which are giving such kind of training. The number of networking and hardware institute in Kolkata is gradually increasing. Many fresher students are taking admission to these networking and hardware institute in Kolkata so that they can make their career in this field. Many experienced and trained faculties are giving training institutes. These hardware and networking institute in Kolkata not only provides best faculties but also they are providing lab facilities and study materials. These networking and hardware institutes in Kolkata are able to give many networking and hardware professionals to the IT world not only in India but also in the world.

Computer errors are very common and every computer user may face different kinds of issues so they should learn about the solutions of the common computer related problems. The common factors that cause problems in computer are viruses, spyware, Trojan horses, adware, corrupted registry, faulty hardware, low memory, low capacity hard disk, low CPU speed and stuffing computers with large number of software applications. In this article, I have compiled a list of the most common computer problems and their solutions.

Computer is very slow

This is very common issue and it arises due to the several factors such as too many programs running at the startup, low RAM, low processor speed, spyware running as a background application, errors in the Windows registry and the buildup of the garbage files on the hard disk. Scanning your computer with an up-to-dated anti virus and anti spyware program, cleaning and repairing Windows registry, increasing memory, deleting temporary files, deselecting the programs at startup and uninstalling unwanted software applications can solve this problem to a very large extent.

Network Server is not accessible

In a networked environment every computer depends on the server for logon authentication, files access, internet and printing access and sharing server resources.

The downtime and the communication failure with the server are very problematic and frustrating for the users. Check both end of the network cable and make sure that the attached RJ-45 connectors are properly plugged into the LAN card and hub/switch. Ping the server’s IP and make sure you get the reply from server. Ensure that your server is on and working fine. A large number of the running applications on the server and simultaneous access to the server from a number of users can slow down the performance and speed of the server. Scan your PC with an up-to-dated antivirus program because certain viruses and spyware are responsible for the communication failure. Replace your LAN card with new one and assign different IP address and try to connect with the server.

Computer locks up or freezes

Missing .dll files, viruses, faulty registry, defective RAM and spyware slows down the performance of the server and it locks up frequently. Scanning PC with the anti virus and anti spyware program, cleaning and repairing registry and increasing RAM can solve this issue.

Computer won’t boot

Faulty power cable, power extension and power supply all contributes to this problem. Checking one by one each of the above components can pinpoint the problematic part. Simply replace that part with new one and your compute is okay.

Computer reboots itself

Defective cooling fan, power supply, RAM, viruses and spyware can cause this to happen.

Memory usage is maximum in computer

Either the memory is less than the recommend memory to run certain applications, swap memory chips with each other, scan your computer for viruses and spyware, increasing the page file and physical memory can overcome this problem.

Browser’s home page has changed itself

This is most likely a spyware problem and scanning computer with an up-to-dated anti spyware program can fix this issue.

Computer’s clock losing time

If you see that your computer’s clock is losing time frequently replace your CMOS battery.

My computer can’t get connected to internet

Check IP address, gateway address, scan your PC for viruses and spyware, check network cables and make sure that server’s or gateway’s firewall application is not blocking http requests from your PC.

Computer making noises

Faulty RAM, VGA, hard disk, Sound card, Processor and other components produce noises. Make sure that each hardware device is properly connected inside the PC and if the problem is still not resolved then replace the faulty hardware component with new one.

Computer hardware means assembling the different parts of a computer together so that it can function properly. Networking means associating and linking various companies’ information to another company so that they can share and receive data. The people who are engaged in this work are known as computer engineers. They have already studied about the different components of the computer and they know how to establish a network.

Jobs in Hardware and Networking requires certain eligibility. The person who aspires to work in hardware and networking field should be a science graduate. Also, he must have completed his training in hardware and networking from a networking institute, or a university or a college.

He has to possess the certificate of the same. The person can also have a diploma in electronics, telecommunication, computer science, and electrical field.

Jobs in hardware and Networking have a vast scope. This is because there is a boom of IT jobs and many companies from the IT sectors are preferring candidates who have the degree of hardware and networking. Also, recent survey and data have shown that the IT industry and networking jobs are going to grow in leaps and bounds. And finding a job relating to the same won’t require much time. Considering this, this field has a lot of potential, but still it has to acquire some pace to pick up. Hence, start-ups are preferred by a large number of students who develop their own business of assembling computer parts and networking.

If you are a fresher, then the common jobs you can get in this fields are- faculty or a trainer of networking or hardware, system administrator, network engineer in a software department, network engineer, system engineer, hardware engineer etc.

looking at this, the scope looks quite bright for people who are genuinely interested in this field.

You can also choose this field if you know some basics about computers. Then you have to undergo training on networking like CCNA etc. this ensures that you become an expert in the job concerned.

The remuneration varies according to the job experience and expertise of the person.

In order to for an ERP implementation to be cost effective, it was also important to investigate the effect that ERP implementation on the hardware that was present at that time. From the obtained data it was observed that for SMEs the cost of hardware and network did not stayed at the initial level but increased with time as the organizations grew. Furthermore, almost all ERP implementations were done initially on systems that had current configuration with Intel Core2Duo processor and 2GB of memory with 100Mbps network card, however, in all cases it was reported that SMEs expected additional hardware to be installed as the business grew. In terms of software, All ERP systems required Windows Server edition which caused additional expenditure due to its licensing.

4.4.6 Security Measures

In an effort to highlight the importance of security, presence of security measures were investigated the research.

It was observed that like larger organization SMEs were also worried about online threat as well as security compromise from both inside and outside the network. They were particularly concerned about the threat of spyware, software which can be used to steal information from within the organization’s network. It was also observed that SMEs, being small companies were more interested in buying single comprehensive solution for their network rather than multiple point defence equipment, as in the case of larger organization. The security measures that were taken by SME include installation of Firewalls, Intrusion Detection systems as well as Anti-viruses. All network and web based accesses to ERP were secured through encryption while ERP security features such as record level security were also enabled in ERPs.

4.5 Findings

Following are the findings of this research which were obtained through the analysis provided in this chapter.

- All SMEs have not yet moved completely to the ERP and have continued to use legacy systems that have been integrated with their ERP solution.

This was achieved through the use of SOA as well as traditional approach of using integration modules. However, it was observed that integration done using SOA was much easier to achieve than traditional approach.

- The research showed that SMEs posses great potential for international growth with most of the SMEs already having presence international or were planning to go international in the coming years. The popular choices of countries among SMEs were China, Japan, and Brazil, the US as well as several countries in the Middle East region.

- It was found that SMEs made efforts to preserve flexibility in their core business processes which enabled them to conduct their business in a differentiated way. The research found that while some SMEs chose to go down the customization route, other SMEs chose a more innovate way of confining core business process functionalities in custom built modules and integrating them with the ERP.

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